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| = Creative Thinking = | = Creative Thinking = | ||
| - | + | According to dictionary.com, <ref>Creativity (n.d.) February 14th, 1013. In Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com</ref> the traditional definitions of creativity include: | |
| # The state or quality of being creative. | # The state or quality of being creative. | ||
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| == What is Creativity? == | == What is Creativity? == | ||
| - | + | Creativity can be seen as a process, an ability and/or attitude. <ref name="Harris">Harris, R. (2012, April 2). Introduction to Creative Thinking. Retrieved from http://www.virtualsalt.com/crebook1.htm</ref> The process of creativity involves innovation and working to improve current ideas and solutions by constantly asking more questions or furthering current developments. The process of creativity is a long process with trial and error, but the constant strive towards improvement is what keeps the drive going. The ability of being creativity is an ability that we all have but unfortunately decreases as we age. If we look at infant children, they have the ability to day dream, to be artistic and to ask many, many questions. As adults, the ability to be creative is diminished steadily as we age, perhaps because of the increasing tendency for academics to push into being critical thinkers. The attitude of creativity is positive and optimistic, and is consistently driven by motivation of thinking outside of the conventional box. | |
| That being said, creativity can be collectively defined as a process, an ability, and attitude. More specifically, in order for one to be creative, they must possess knowledge of, ability to express and attitude of the creative process. | That being said, creativity can be collectively defined as a process, an ability, and attitude. More specifically, in order for one to be creative, they must possess knowledge of, ability to express and attitude of the creative process. | ||
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| == Characteristics of the Creative Person == | == Characteristics of the Creative Person == | ||
| - | In 1996 Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi wrote an article discussing 10 paradoxical traits of the creative person. He summarizes these traits by stating that creative persons, "show tendencies of thought and action that in most people are segregated. They contain contradictory extremes; instead of being an ‘individual’, each of them is a ‘multitude’.” <ref name = "Csik">Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: The work and lives of 91 eminent people. HarperCollins.<ref>. Csikszentmihalyi developed this list through years of research, the characteristics he found in creative persons are as follows: <ref name="Csik" /> | + | In 1996 Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi wrote an article discussing 10 paradoxical traits of the creative person. He summarizes these traits by stating that creative persons, "show tendencies of thought and action that in most people are segregated. They contain contradictory extremes; instead of being an ‘individual’, each of them is a ‘multitude’.” <ref name = "Csik">Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: The work and lives of 91 eminent people. HarperCollins.</ref>. Csikszentmihalyi developed this list through years of research, the characteristics he found in creative persons are as follows: <ref name="Csik" /> |
| # The creative person has a lot of energy that is often concentrated to specific tasks, yet tends to be quiet at the same time. | # The creative person has a lot of energy that is often concentrated to specific tasks, yet tends to be quiet at the same time. | ||
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| == Notes and References == | == Notes and References == | ||
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Getting started
Creative Thinking
According to dictionary.com, [1] the traditional definitions of creativity include:
- The state or quality of being creative.
- The ability to transcend traditional ideas, rules, patterns, relationships, or the like, and to createmeaningful new ideas, forms, methods, interpretations, etc.; originality, progressiveness, orimagination: the need for creativity in modern industry; creativity in the performing arts.
- The process by which one utilizes creative ability: Extensive reading stimulated his creativity.
In the context of discussing creativity in terms of learning, school settings and academics, the focus can be shifted to the second definition. However, the creativity that is fostered in different academic settings varies. More specifically, in college and university, creativity that these settings aim to develop in the student differs from one another. The definition of creativity differs among the two settings. Before discussing this any further, we must explore what creativity is and what makes a creative person, creative.
What is Creativity?
Creativity can be seen as a process, an ability and/or attitude. [2] The process of creativity involves innovation and working to improve current ideas and solutions by constantly asking more questions or furthering current developments. The process of creativity is a long process with trial and error, but the constant strive towards improvement is what keeps the drive going. The ability of being creativity is an ability that we all have but unfortunately decreases as we age. If we look at infant children, they have the ability to day dream, to be artistic and to ask many, many questions. As adults, the ability to be creative is diminished steadily as we age, perhaps because of the increasing tendency for academics to push into being critical thinkers. The attitude of creativity is positive and optimistic, and is consistently driven by motivation of thinking outside of the conventional box.
That being said, creativity can be collectively defined as a process, an ability, and attitude. More specifically, in order for one to be creative, they must possess knowledge of, ability to express and attitude of the creative process.
Characteristics of the Creative Person
In 1996 Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi wrote an article discussing 10 paradoxical traits of the creative person. He summarizes these traits by stating that creative persons, "show tendencies of thought and action that in most people are segregated. They contain contradictory extremes; instead of being an ‘individual’, each of them is a ‘multitude’.” [3]. Csikszentmihalyi developed this list through years of research, the characteristics he found in creative persons are as follows: [3]
- The creative person has a lot of energy that is often concentrated to specific tasks, yet tends to be quiet at the same time.
- Creative persons tend to have high general intelligence, but tend to act naïve.
- Creative persons tend to merge creativeness with perseverance, in order to act on their playfulness with responsibility.
- Creative persons tend to dip into their imagination while still having sense of reality.
- The creative person is both extroverted and introverted, that is to say, both traits of shyness and outgoingness can be seen.
- Creative persons are both modest and proud.
- The creative person is able to think outside gender stereotyping.
- Creative persons are unconventional in their ways of thinking, yet still tend to be conservative.
- Creative persons tend to be very passionate about their works, but can remain detached from it.
- The ability of the creative person to be open-minded brings happiness, yet can often be exposed to criticism.
Creative Thinking vs Critical Thinking
In order to be a creative person, one must be able to think creatively as opposed to critically. Thinking creatively requires an individual to think outside the box and constantly ask questions. In academics, one could relate creative thinking with philosophy, where there is no single answer but multiple arguments. On the other hand, thinking critically involves one correct answer and where information, questions and answers are analytically evaluated. This kind of thinking is found in most current academic settings, where the ability to know the material is what makes you a good student. The differences are set out clearly in this chart: [2]
Notes and References
- ↑ Creativity (n.d.) February 14th, 1013. In Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Harris, R. (2012, April 2). Introduction to Creative Thinking. Retrieved from http://www.virtualsalt.com/crebook1.htm
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: The work and lives of 91 eminent people. HarperCollins.
Internships and Apprenticeships
Internships
Internships are considered on the job training experiences between the student and their employers. During the course of the internships the student can have either a paid or unpaid experience. [4] The primary placements for internships are usually at white collar locations (lawyers officers, research labs, political buildings, etc). [4] During the course of an internship the student can use this to their advantage. They can determine whether the routes they are going down for their career is what they truly want to do, they can network and gain experiences that are vital for their future employment. [4]
There are several different types of internships. Primarily those that are work based and research based (these are primarily for university students who are seeking a graduate school position or PHD). [5] Those that are work based are primarily where the student gains a position at the location they applied and had to learn the job while they are working for the employer. [5]
Internships lack the creativity of apprenticeships because internships are primarily carried out in a specific guideline. [6] So the intern can’t be very creative because the business they are working for has a certain standard of work that they want and can possibly even frown on innovation because its outside of their respective standard that everyone else has to follow. This type of on the job training is rather inflexible where as those who are in apprenticeships are motivated to be creative because what works for one person may not particularly work for the next person.
Apprenticeships
An apprenticeship is a college based hands on learning environment where those who are attending college are given employment, a steady paycheck and are receiving specialized training at the same time that they are taking college level courses. [7] These apprenticeships are usually trade skill based such as electrician, plumber, welder and give the student the specialized training to branch out into their respective field once their college career and apprenticeship requirements are fulfilled after their on the job training is completed. [7] Apprenticeships are primarily for the students benefit because the employer who is giving the individual the apprenticeship has to give them the adequate training during the course of this period so that once the apprenticeship is completed several years down the road the student can then go and take the skills that they learned during this time and apply them to their new trade. [7]
Creativity is fostered in these situations because college student are used to innovation and problem solving. [8] Those in a university setting are used to following a specific set of guidelines while getting a task done. [6] In apprenticeships the teacher may have their own method for performing a certain task and these can easily vary from individual to individual as each trade has its own specific steps that need to be carried out and these can easily be passed on to the student. [8] These problem solving abilities are important because every situation they come across down the road may be different and have unpredictable characteristics that cause them to make quick decisions that they may not have faced during their apprenticeship with their employer. [8]
Comparisons
- Apprenticeships are for college students, are hands on paid experiences that involve training in a trade or craft. [7]
- Internships are primarily university positions that are research or work based that can be either paid or unpaid depending on the position. These positions are usually white collar positions. [4]
Apprenticeships are hands on based skills learning experience for students who are looking to branch out into a trade after their college experience is over. [7] Internships are considered on the job training for university students looking at a white collar job (usually in an office setting). [4] Each of these has their own rewards such as preparing both of the students for their future careers whether it be as a plumber, electrician, politician, etc. Each has its own unique learning environment that can be adaptive and flexible (apprenticeships) or it can be rather rigid and straight forward (Internships)
Notes and References
- ↑ Creativity (n.d.) February 14th, 1013. In Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Harris, R. (2012, April 2). Introduction to Creative Thinking. Retrieved from http://www.virtualsalt.com/crebook1.htm
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: The work and lives of 91 eminent people. HarperCollins.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Schwartz, M. (2013). Opportunity Costs: The True Price of Internships. Dissent, 41-45.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Brown, C. (2012). Use of Logic Models to Plan and Assess Graduate Internship Experiences. Tech Trends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning, 37-43.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Stedman, J. (2011). Knowledge Competence in Clinical and Counseling Readiness for Internship. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1-5.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Christman, S. (2012). Preparing for Success Through Apprenticeship. Technology & Engineering Teacher, 22-28.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Shekoyan, V., & Etkina, E. (2009). Using Cognitive Apprenticeship Framework And Multiple-possibility Problems to Enhance Epistemic Cognition. AIP Conference Proceedings, 269-272.
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