Fungi Uses in Pest Management

From BIOL 2P96 Jan 2013 Group 07

Revision as of 10:04, 20 March 2013 (edit) Ah10uq (Talk | contribs) (→Biopesticides in Agriculture) ← Previous diff		Revision as of 10:07, 20 March 2013 (edit) (undo) Ah10uq (Talk | contribs) (→Biopesticides in Agriculture) Next diff →
Line 13:		Line 13:
	===Fungi used as a Herbicide===		===Fungi used as a Herbicide===
	''See main article'': [[Fungi used as a Herbicide|Fungi used as a Herbicide]]		''See main article'': [[Fungi used as a Herbicide|Fungi used as a Herbicide]]
		+
		+	ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT
	===Fungi used as an Insecticide===		===Fungi used as an Insecticide===
	''see main article'': [[Fungi used as a Insecticide|Fungi used as a Insecticide]]		''see main article'': [[Fungi used as a Insecticide|Fungi used as a Insecticide]]
-	====Fungi used as a Fungicide====	+	ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT
		+
		+	===Fungi used as a Fungicide===
	''see main article'': [[Fungi used as a Fungicide|Fungi used as a Fungicide]]		''see main article'': [[Fungi used as a Fungicide|Fungi used as a Fungicide]]
-	====my abstract====	+	ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT
-		+
-	====Processes (or mode of action??)====	+
-	all invasive fungi use lytic enzymes like chitinase of glucan-1,3-B-glucosidases.	+
-		+
-	4 main steps of an attack:	+
-	*chemotaxi to that pest	+
-	*Recognition	+
-	*attachment	+
-	*degradation of host wall	+
-		+
-	====Steps of an invasion====	+
-		+
-	====Necrotroph====	+
-		+
-	====Biotroph====	+
-		+
-	====pesticide preparation====	+
-		+
-	====Specific example====	+
-		+
-	''Trichoderma harzianum''	+
-		+
-	Mycoparasitic Trichoderma viride as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. adzuki and Pythium arrhenomanes and as a growth promoter of soybean, Rojan P. Johna R.D. Tyagia, D. Prévostb, Satinder K. Brara, Stéphan Pouleurb, R.Y. Surampallic	+
-		+
-		+
-	''Pythium`oligandrum''	+
-	it is a water mould, but often they are studied as fungi and I have few reason why to put it in this cateroy	+
-		+
-	''Gliocladium roseum''
	===Biopesticides in Urban Environments===		===Biopesticides in Urban Environments===

---

Revision as of 10:07, 20 March 2013

This is a background of fungi uses in pest management. Testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing, testing...

Contents 1 History 2 Biopesticides in Agriculture 2.1 Fungi used as a Herbicide 2.2 Fungi used as an Insecticide 2.3 Fungi used as a Fungicide 2.4 Biopesticides in Urban Environments 2.5 Pro et Contra 2.6 Novel Uses of Fungi as Biopesticides 3 Species 4 Definitions 5 Notes and References

History

The use of Entomopathogenic fungi in pest management covers a wide variety of Eumycota subdivisions. These subdivisions of Eumycota include; Mastigomycotina, Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina, and Deuteromycotina ^[1] In 1981, the first mycoinsectiside registered in the U.S. was Hirsutella thompsonii and was given the registered name; Mycar. This species has been noted to cause epizootics as early as 1920 in some species of spider mites ^[2]

With the rising cost of synthetic chemical pesticides and increasing cases of pesticide resistance, the search for natural biologically based forms of pest management has been a key area of research for the last decade. With the world population rising over 7 billion and the drastic effects of climate change, the need for alternative forms of pest control will become essential. Although insects are key in the performance of many ecosystems, they play a large role in the 35 billion dollars worth of crop that is lost in the United States each year ^[3]

Biopesticides in Agriculture

Insect and weed management in important crops... sustainable agriculture, as a replacement for

Fungi used as a Herbicide

See main article: Fungi used as a Herbicide

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT

Fungi used as an Insecticide

see main article: Fungi used as a Insecticide

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT

Fungi used as a Fungicide

see main article: Fungi used as a Fungicide

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT

Biopesticides in Urban Environments

see main article: Fungi uses in Urban Environments

Entomopathogens are key components for integrated pest management solutions ^[4]. There is a large market for urban pest control that has been dominated by the use of pesticides and insecticides ^[4]. These chemical pesticides pose a danger not only to the person applying them, but other people, or pets, which may come into contact with the chemicals in an urban environment ^[4]. Previously used in agricultural settings as deterrents, fungi such as Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus may have possible pest control applications in urban settings as well ^[5].

Pro et Contra

Novel Uses of Fungi as Biopesticides

Species

Definitions

Notes and References

1. ↑ BIOLOGICAL and BIOTECHNILOGICAL CONTROL of INSECT PESTS (2000). Rechcigl. E.J. and Rechcigl. N.A. (Pg 49) Pg
2. ↑ Biological and Biotechnological Controls of INSECT PESTS Rechcigl E.J., Rechcigl N.A. Pg 49-51.
3. ↑ Entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents. P. A. Shah, J. K. Pell. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology June 2003, Volume 61, Issue 5-6, pp 413-423.
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1 4.2} Milner, RJ. and Pereira RM. 2007. Microbial control of urban pests - cockroaches, ants and termites. Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology. 20(2):695-711
5. ↑ Lenz, M. 2005. Biological control in termite management: the potential of nematodes and fungal pathogens. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Urban Pests. 47-52