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| Originally isolated in 1971, Taxol, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paclitaxel Paclitaxe] as it is now referred to as, was found to have anti-tumour properties and is an important agent in chemotherapy <ref>Wani, M., Taylor, H., Wall, M., Coggon, P., & McPhail, A. (1971). Plant antitumour agents. VI. The isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from ''Taxus brevifolia''. ''Journal of the American Chemical Society'', ''93''(9), 2325-2327.</ref>. Taxol was first harvested from yew trees, ''Taxus brevifolia'' from the inner bark, however, the demand caused a marked rise in price. As a result, alternative means for producing taxol were explored; one being production of taxol from microbial cultures. The fungi, ''Pestalotiopsis microspora'', collected from ''Taxus wallachiana'', was found to produce taxol in culture<ref>Strobel, G., Yang, X., Sears, J., Kramer, R., Sidhu, R., & Hess, W. (1996). Taxol from Pestalotiopsis microspora, and enndophytic fungus of Taxis wallachiana. ''Microbiology'', ''142'', 435-440.</ref>. ''P. microspora'' was able to produce 60-70 μg of taxol per litre of fungal culture. Its production peaked at roughly the 3 week mark and declined drastically at 5 weeks. Although the amount of taxol produced was one order of magnitude less than that harvested from ''T. brevifolia'', the accessibly of growing a fungal culture in terms of space and time far exceeds that of harvesting from yew trees. | Originally isolated in 1971, Taxol, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paclitaxel Paclitaxe] as it is now referred to as, was found to have anti-tumour properties and is an important agent in chemotherapy <ref>Wani, M., Taylor, H., Wall, M., Coggon, P., & McPhail, A. (1971). Plant antitumour agents. VI. The isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from ''Taxus brevifolia''. ''Journal of the American Chemical Society'', ''93''(9), 2325-2327.</ref>. Taxol was first harvested from yew trees, ''Taxus brevifolia'' from the inner bark, however, the demand caused a marked rise in price. As a result, alternative means for producing taxol were explored; one being production of taxol from microbial cultures. The fungi, ''Pestalotiopsis microspora'', collected from ''Taxus wallachiana'', was found to produce taxol in culture<ref>Strobel, G., Yang, X., Sears, J., Kramer, R., Sidhu, R., & Hess, W. (1996). Taxol from Pestalotiopsis microspora, and enndophytic fungus of Taxis wallachiana. ''Microbiology'', ''142'', 435-440.</ref>. ''P. microspora'' was able to produce 60-70 μg of taxol per litre of fungal culture. Its production peaked at roughly the 3 week mark and declined drastically at 5 weeks. Although the amount of taxol produced was one order of magnitude less than that harvested from ''T. brevifolia'', the accessibly of growing a fungal culture in terms of space and time far exceeds that of harvesting from yew trees. | ||
| - | ==Definitions | + | ==Terms and Definitions== |
| *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endophyte Endophytic]: Endophytic refers to fungi or bacteria that lives symbiotically with plants without causing any harmful effects to the plant. | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endophyte Endophytic]: Endophytic refers to fungi or bacteria that lives symbiotically with plants without causing any harmful effects to the plant. | ||
Revision as of 15:36, 16 March 2013
Contents |
Fungi in pharmaceuticals
Fungal products found in pharmaceuticals
Taxol
Originally isolated in 1971, Taxol, or Paclitaxe as it is now referred to as, was found to have anti-tumour properties and is an important agent in chemotherapy [1]. Taxol was first harvested from yew trees, Taxus brevifolia from the inner bark, however, the demand caused a marked rise in price. As a result, alternative means for producing taxol were explored; one being production of taxol from microbial cultures. The fungi, Pestalotiopsis microspora, collected from Taxus wallachiana, was found to produce taxol in culture[2]. P. microspora was able to produce 60-70 μg of taxol per litre of fungal culture. Its production peaked at roughly the 3 week mark and declined drastically at 5 weeks. Although the amount of taxol produced was one order of magnitude less than that harvested from T. brevifolia, the accessibly of growing a fungal culture in terms of space and time far exceeds that of harvesting from yew trees.
Terms and Definitions
- Endophytic: Endophytic refers to fungi or bacteria that lives symbiotically with plants without causing any harmful effects to the plant.
Notes and References
- ↑ Wani, M., Taylor, H., Wall, M., Coggon, P., & McPhail, A. (1971). Plant antitumour agents. VI. The isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from Taxus brevifolia. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 93(9), 2325-2327.
- ↑ Strobel, G., Yang, X., Sears, J., Kramer, R., Sidhu, R., & Hess, W. (1996). Taxol from Pestalotiopsis microspora, and enndophytic fungus of Taxis wallachiana. Microbiology, 142, 435-440.
notes
Can everyone add their names and emails to the discussion, just so we can organize the work and what not better.
I was thinking we could split this page into three sections: First being a brief introduction/history, probably talk about penicillin since that's the most commonly known use then become more specific with the other two sections. The other two could be techniques to extract fungal products for pharmaceuticals and the last section could be specific examples of fungi, what they're used for, how they create the substance of interest, etc.
Thoughts?
Judith, can you copy and paste your section from "new page" to the main page? I would do it, but they look at the history for marking and I don't want to take your credit :P And do you have references for the info??
Please consider the environment before
printing this page.