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==Beer Fermentation== ==Beer Fermentation==
 +===History===
 +
 +===Requirements for Fermentation===
 +
 +===Chemical Process===
 +
<videoflash>WoH_oYlJhoM</videoflash> <videoflash>WoH_oYlJhoM</videoflash>
 +
 +===Fun Facts About Beer===
 +A person whom enjoys consuming beer can be called a CEREVISAPHILE!
 +The recipe for beer is one of the oldest known to man!
==Bread Fermentation== ==Bread Fermentation==

Revision as of 23:11, 19 March 2013

'Products using fermentation with fungi.'

Contents

Wine Fermentation

Haley Priscila

Gasoline Fermentation

Queenie

Bioremediation

Yeasts have recently begun to be used to clean up oil spills through bioremediation, which is the process whereby living organisms, such as bacteria or plants, are used to remove or neutralize contaminants in the environment, such as polluted soil or water (textbook).

History

In the past, there have been various methods for cleaning up oil spills (Zhu):

  • Physical methods:
    • Booms
    • Washing
    • Soil movement and tilling
    • Mechanical removal
  • Chemical methods:
    • Demulsifiers
    • Solidifiers

These methods can be time consuming and expensive depending on the required equipment. Some of the methods, such as mechanical removal, can only be used under certain conditions, such as when there is only a small amount of oil in the water. Others, such as the chemical methods, are very effective but are not healthy for the environment (Zhu). The natural methods used, such as soil movement and tilling, are preferred for the environment, but they take the most amount of time (Zhu).

Using yeasts to ferment the oil has become popular with environmentalists and is becoming more widely used by industry to clean up oil spills. Bioremediation costs less, saves energy, and eliminates the need to eradicate the oil from the location of the spill (Venosa). This helps to further reduce the risk of additional spills that may occur during transportation.

There are a few disadvantages to using bioremediation (Venosa):

  • Competition between native and introduced organisms
  • Difficult to perform field studies for data

Oil spills typically occur due to:

  • Routine shipping operations
  • Oil refineries
  • Industrial and municipal waste disposal
  • Tankers accidents
  • And more (Saty)

Organisms

There are many different types of yeast that are used in bioremediation. The most common yeast used in bioremediation is Yarrowia lipolytica (Satyanarayana). Y. lipolytica is part of the Ascomycota and can be isolated from dairy products and other chilled foods including cheese, yogurt, and sausages. This yeast is also naturally found in oil fields, indicating that it uses oil as a carbon source naturally. This yeast is non-pathogenic and is an obligate aerobe, meaning it cannot live without oxygen (sat). In order for Y. lipolytica to be able to survive the anaerobic (oxygen-lacking) conditions, it uses its hyphae to obtain oxygen from the surface. These hyphae, which are long filamentous structures that are the main mode of vegetative growth of a fungus, also secrete hydrolytic enzymes that are able to degrade oil and other crude heavy metals (Jain + Strouhal).

Another type of yeast, Pichia guilliermondii, is used to help remove harmful metals and metalloids from contaminated environments (Ksheminska). This yeast traps the metals in small vesicles and takes them up into the cell to get rid of them through various reduction-oxidation reactions (reactions in the cell that use the transferring of electrons to help drive other reactive processes).

Beer Fermentation

History

Requirements for Fermentation

Chemical Process

Fun Facts About Beer

A person whom enjoys consuming beer can be called a CEREVISAPHILE! The recipe for beer is one of the oldest known to man!

Bread Fermentation

Nicole

Cheese making

Jorge

[1]

Members

There are many more things than wine that uses fermentation. You could each find something first and if you run out, then pair up on same. Chris

Are we gonna divide the content only next Tuesday when we meet at 2pm in front of the Library Classroom A? If It is Ok, I would like to take the wine fermentation part. Later, we can decide who else would like to take this part too.

Priscila


Sounds good to me, to be honest I will take up whatever. I am not picky with what I have to do.

David

Queenie: Here is the link for the gasoline fermentation thing http://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/flexible_fuel_emissions.html

Meagan

Just thought we would post what fermentations we decided to do when we met today. Arlene is going to do beer fermentation and I am going to do bread fermentation.

Nicole

I will be doing wine fermentation with Priscila -Haley

Thanks Meagan! So I'm going to do E85 gasoline then. Other fermentation products of fungi we could do are commercial organic acids [2] and food dyes [3] and the edible tempe [4] -Queenie

I will be doing bioremediation. Are we going to meet tomorrow at 2 in the library again or just kind of post our stuff? - Meagan

I think just posting our stuff is fine, we don't have to meet. -Queenie

Okay, sounds good! I'm hoping to get my stuff up at some point tonight, and I am totally fine with people editing mine or changing the format to make things flow and look better. - Meagan

Does everybody have a topic then? David just wondering if you can confirm what part you are doing. Lets shoot to all have our parts posted by Thursday morning so that there will be enough time to edit/add to each other's information by Friday when it is due. -Haley

I'm pretty sure David dropped it (look at the 'Members' page). Also, I posted some stuff in my section, still have a bit more info and pictures to add though. - Meagan

Thanks Meagan I didn't realize that was him that dropped, I'm a bit confused because there is still only 6 of us total. Thanks for posting you're stuff though, looks good so far! -Haley

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