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	As time has passed, we have developed various methods in which to produce mass amounts of beer at one time. Large		As time has passed, we have developed various methods in which to produce mass amounts of beer at one time. Large
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	===Requirements for Fermentation===		===Requirements for Fermentation===

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Revision as of 23:48, 20 March 2013

'Products using fermentation with fungi.'

Contents 1 Wine Fermentation 1.1 Introduction 1.2 History 1.3 Primary Fermentation 1.4 Secondary Fermentation 2 Gasoline Fermentation 2.1 Introduction 2.2 History 3 Beer Fermentation 3.1 History 3.2 Requirements for Fermentation 3.3 Chemical Process 3.4 Fun Facts About Beer 4 Bread Fermentation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 History 4.3 Processes Involved 4.4 Species Involved 5 Cheese making 6 References 7 Members discussion

Wine Fermentation

Introduction

The process by which wine is produced is called wine fermentation. Grapes are combined with sugar and yeast to yield alcohol and carbon dioxide. The process occurs in two major steps:

1. Primary Fermentation
2. Secondary Fermentation

The general formula for wine fermentation includes:

• reactants - sugar and yeast
• products - alcohol and carbon dioxide

The most common yeast used in wine fermentation is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Some examples of other yeasts involved in wine making from the Saccharomyces species are:

• S. bayanus
• S. beticus
• S. fermentati

The following list summarizes the process of wine fermentation in a few steps:

• yeast is added to grapes
• yeast converts natural sugars (glucose and fructose) into ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide
• carbon dioxide is released into air while alcohol remains in solution
• fermentation is complete when alcohol content is tested to be 15% and yeast has been completely used up

History

Primary Fermentation

Secondary Fermentation

Secondary fermentation of wine is also referred to as anaerobic or malolactic fermentation. Malolactic fermentation is the process of converting the malic acid in wine to lactic acid. Malic acid is a harsher acid, whereas lactic acid is a much softer acid. During this process, L-malic acid is converted to L-lactic acid and CO2. One consequence of MLF is a reduction in wine acidity with an increase in pH of about 0.2 units. Malolactic fermentation can be carried out by a number of lactic acid bacteria but commercial strains of O. oeni such as ML-34, PSU-1, MCW, EQ-54, Viniflora, to name a few, have been used.

Gasoline Fermentation

Introduction

E85 is a gasoline blend composed of high levels of ethanol mixed with petrol. Possible sources of plant material for conversion to ethanol include sugarcane and cereal grains. ^[1]

History

There has been concern that converting corn into fuel (such as its use in E85 gasoline) will drive up the prices of corn and other staple foods such as rice, wheat and maize. ^[1]

Beer Fermentation

Beer is a trademark item in many situations in every day life. It is consumed at parties, at home with friends, with meals, beer tasting events or general stress relief, beer has become an accepted part of many lives. In Canada, the legal drinking age in most provinces is 19 years. At this age and beyond, people consume beer in various amounts and often times, do not even know how their beverage is actually made! Beer comes in two main types: Ale and Lager. These are in essence the same in the sense that they contain a certain percentage of ethanol yet how the reaction to make the beer is quiet different visually. Ales are "top-fermenting", in other words, the yeast ferments and is release at the top of the vessel. Whereas, lagers are "bottom-fermenting" and the release is from the bottom of the vessel. ^[2] Beer favourites are based on the overall taste of the beer, initial, on-going, and after taste. If you are a person whom enjoys tasting varieties of beers you will come across those which are bitter, sweet, have an awful initial taste and some with no after taste. These are all reliant on the type of grain used and how the fermentation occurs in the vessel.

History

In Ancient Times, beer was used in many different ways by different colonies of people. It was a crucial part of the culture for many groups. According to Professor Linda Raley of Texas Tech University, Babylonian clay tablets held the recipe for the beloved beverage as early as 4300 B.C. Beer was used in burial and medicinal rituals as well as certain rites and ceremonies. Unlike modern day society, beer was often reserved for royalty because it symbolized the riches they had. At this point in time, the variety was nothing compared to what it is today. Merely 20 varieties of beer existed in the Babylonian colony, which is present day Iraq. Each group of people in these times used grains that were native to their lands, thus giving rise to the different varieties. These varieties include:

• Millet (Africa)
• Maize (Africa)
• Cassava (Africa)
• Persimmon (North America)
• Sweet potato (Brazil)
• Rice (Japan)
• Wheat (China)
• Guass (Russia)
• Barley (Egyptians)
• And unrecorded, potentially dozens more!

(L. Raley) ^[3]

As time has passed, we have developed various methods in which to produce mass amounts of beer at one time. Large ^[4]

Requirements for Fermentation

Chemical Process

Fun Facts About Beer

Brought to you by The Beer Store

• A person whom enjoys consuming beer can be called a CEREVISAPHILE!

• The recipe for beer is one of the oldest known to man!

Bread Fermentation

Introduction

History

Processes Involved

Species Involved

Cheese making

Jorge

References

[1]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Maheshwari. (2008). The science behind the biofuel controversy. CURRENT SCIENCE 95(5). Retrieved March 19, 2013 from http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.brocku.ca/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3486329f-a2d5-4a8f-ba0b-6dec35eaef87%40sessionmgr10&vid=2&hid=23.
2. ↑ http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/the-differences-between-ales-and-lagers.html
3. ↑ http://www.beerhistory.com/library/holdings/raley_timetable.shtml
4. ↑ http://www.michaeljohngrist.com/2009/03/asahi-beer-factory-ibaraki/

Members discussion

Members

There are many more things than wine that uses fermentation. You could each find something first and if you run out, then pair up on same. Chris

Are we gonna divide the content only next Tuesday when we meet at 2pm in front of the Library Classroom A? If It is Ok, I would like to take the wine fermentation part. Later, we can decide who else would like to take this part too.

Priscila

Sounds good to me, to be honest I will take up whatever. I am not picky with what I have to do.

David

Queenie: Here is the link for the gasoline fermentation thing http://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/flexible_fuel_emissions.html

Meagan

Just thought we would post what fermentations we decided to do when we met today. Arlene is going to do beer fermentation and I am going to do bread fermentation.

Nicole

I will be doing wine fermentation with Priscila -Haley

Thanks Meagan! So I'm going to do E85 gasoline then. Other fermentation products of fungi we could do are commercial organic acids [2] and food dyes [3] and the edible tempe [4] -Queenie

I will be doing bioremediation. Are we going to meet tomorrow at 2 in the library again or just kind of post our stuff? - Meagan

I think just posting our stuff is fine, we don't have to meet. -Queenie

Okay, sounds good! I'm hoping to get my stuff up at some point tonight, and I am totally fine with people editing mine or changing the format to make things flow and look better. - Meagan

Does everybody have a topic then? David just wondering if you can confirm what part you are doing. Lets shoot to all have our parts posted by Thursday morning so that there will be enough time to edit/add to each other's information by Friday when it is due. -Haley

I'm pretty sure David dropped it (look at the 'Members' page). Also, I posted some stuff in my section, still have a bit more info and pictures to add though. - Meagan

Thanks Meagan I didn't realize that was him that dropped, I'm a bit confused because there is still only 6 of us total. Thanks for posting you're stuff though, looks good so far! -Haley

No problem! Okay, so I have all of my info up there, but I completely forget how to put up images and references and the stuff that guy gave us isn't really helpful for me. Could you guys help me out with this? Thanks. - Meagan

Hi Meagan, for uploading images there's the toolbox on the left that has an 'upload file' link. Click that then go to 'choose file' then 'choose picture'. The example in my notes is Image:Bus bus.jpg. For references, can we just put a link to page/article, or do we have to use APA format?

Hey guys, this page is pretty helpful for the references [5] -Queenie