Definitions

From BIOL 2P96 Jan 2013 Group 07

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Adsorption- The adhesion of molecules of a substance to the surface of another substance, typically forming a thin layer.

Allogrooming - A form of mutual grooming in social insects and animals. Observed in ants, termites and other social insects, used to promote good hygiene in a nest.

Antagonistic - Fungi that is predator to another fungi.

Appressoria- The spot of infection, and the creation of specialized cells that enable further infection to occur. These specialized cells are at the tip of the hyphae and enables the pathogen to penetrate the host to cause infection. See Appressoria

Ascomycotina- A subdivision of fungi that are also referred to as sac fungi. They contain 4-8 ascospores in each of their ascus during the sexual stage.

Bait Station - Small structure with openings allowing entrance of the insects, and containing an attractive bait and insecticide

Bioaccumulation - Bioaccumulation refers to the accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, or other organic chemicals in an organism.

Biological Control - The control of pests commercially and in novelty uses using biological methods usually environmental friendly and non harming to the environment other then the target pest.

Biopesticide - Microorganisms used in pest control. Development is underway for effective broad-range pathogen.

Conidia - Asexual, non-motile spores of a fungus. Also called mitospores

Cuticle - See exoskeleton.

Deterrent - Substance that is avoided by foraging insects. Can be sprayed on to structures and acts to prevent structure damage by detering insects from using the material for food. ex. Timber

Deuteromycotina-A subdivision of fungi that are also referred to as fungi imperfecti. Their asexual stage has only been identified and research is trying to uncover a possible form of sexual reproduction.

Endotoxin genes - a heat-stable toxin present in the intact bacterial cell but not in cell-free filtrates of cultures of intact bacteria.

Entomogenous fungi - Fungi capable as a pathogen invading an insect and eventually killing it as a host.

Entomopathogens - A pathogen capable of invading an insect and killing it. ex. Fungi

Epizootics- A type of disease that appears in an animal population as a newly recorded case. It may also spread much faster than what was previously expected.

Exoskeleton - Found in insects and crustaceans. Hardened outer latyer of cuticle composed of chitin.

Germination- The start of an active life cycle once starting from a spore.

Germ Tube- An active way that a spore can infect a host. It is a process that has direct connection with the internal cells of the host and an injection of pathogenic cells.

Hemimetabolous - Incomplete metamorphosis in insects consisting of an egg stage, a variable number of nymph stages characterized by a slight increase in body size and specialized development, and finally an adult stage.

Inoculum - Cells used in an inoculation, such as cells added to start a culture.

Mastigomycotina- A subdivision of fungi that are in the class; Oomycetes and have characteristic motile spores and gametes.

Mycoinsectide - Fungi that are capable of being parasitic to insects eventually leading to the insects death.

Mycoparasite - Fungi that is parasite to another fungi.

Mycoparasitism - Action of a mycoparasite.

Mycelium - Vegetative part of the fungus, consisting of branched hyphae

Necrosis - Death of tissue

Phytopathogen - Any physical or chemical agent that is able to cause disease a plant, eventually leading to death.

Repellant - Prevents damage to structures by being unattractive to foraging insects. see Deterrent.

Rusts- A type of fungi that contains a unique life cycle with the creation of five different spores. It is also a very good herbicide because of this. For more information on Fungal Rusts

Stoma- A leaf structure that opens and closes that enables the leaf to go through the process of gas exchange.

Synergistic - Acting together

Transgenic Plants - are plants that have been genetically engineered, a breeding approach that uses recombinant DNA techniques to create plants with new characteristics in our case resistant to certain pests.

Zygomycotina- A subdivision of fungi that are also sometimes referred to as bread molds. They can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

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